Tyconius

Early Latin Commentaries on the Apocalypse

January 16, 2017 by Frank Leave a Comment

Early Latin Commentaries on the Apocalypse contains translations of two Hiberno-Latin commentaries on the Book of Revelation from the seventh and eighth centuries. They are the pseudo-Jerome Handbook on the Apocalypse of the Apostle John and On the Mysteries of the Apocalypse of John found in the anonymous eighth-century Reference Bible. These commentaries use earlier Latin commentaries, such as those of Victorinus and Tyconius, as source material. However, they contain unique interpretations of the Book of Revelation. The Handbook has the number of the beast (Rev 13:18) as 666, 000, which the author says may be the number of Antichrist’s army or disciples. It also says that they are heretics who interpret the thousand years of Rev 20 in a carnal manner and who think that Christ has not already bound the devil. On the Mysteries implies that Nero was reigning when John wrote the Apocalypse (On Rev 17:10), and that the mark of the beast will be a slight counterfeit of the Chi-Rho symbol for Christ.

Early Latin Commentaries on the Apocalypse by Francis X. Gumerlock is reasonably priced and available on Amazon. To purchase a copy, click here.

To read a review of Early Latin Commentaries on the Apocalypse by Dr. James Palmer of the University of St. Andrews, click here.

Chromatius of Aquileia on John 21:22 and Rev 10:11

December 31, 2015 by Frank Leave a Comment

An essay entitled “Chromatius of Aquileia on John 21:22 and Rev 10:11 against a Legend about the Apostle John” by Francis X. Gumerlock was recently published as Chapter Two in The Book of Revelation and Its Interpreters: Short Studies and an Annotated Bibliography, Ian Boxall and Richard Tresley, eds. (New York: Rowan & Littlefield, 2016).

In early Christianity there was a legend that the apostle John never died, but was alive in Paradise with Enoch and Elijah. It continued that when the Antichrist comes upon the world scene, John will return to earth and preach again. Believers in this legend used John 21:22 and Rev 10:11 for support. This essay shows how Chromatius (d. 408) interpreted these passages of Scripture to show that John really died and that he prophesied again (Rev 10:11) after his release from the island of Patmos, by returning to Ephesus and writing the Gospel of John. The essay provides the first English translation of Chromatius’ Sermon 21 and also a translation of a preface to the Book of Revelation from the sixth century.

Other chapters in the book are about John of Patmos in Christian history, the reception of the Book of Revelation, Tyconius’ exegesis, and the Book of Revelation in visual art. Half of the book is an extensive bibliography of commentaries that were written on the Apocalypse up to the year 1700.

Besides Boxall, Tresley, and myself, other contributors include Christopher Rowland, Sean Michael Ryan, and Natasha O’Hear.

For those interested in the Book of Revelation, its reception and interpretation in Christian history, commentaries on Revelation, Tyconius, and visual representations of the Apocalypse, I trust you will find The Book of Revelation and Its Interpreters to be a great read and a useful resource. To purchase a copy from Amazon, click here.

I Will Show Wonders in Heaven

August 5, 2014 by Frank Leave a Comment

NEW ARTICLES: Under the sidebar “Published Articles by the Author” are two new articles. The first is “I Will Show Wonders in the Heaven Above” published in Trinity Journal. It examines the eschatology of an eighteenth century Baptist community in Pennsylvania, called Ephrata, and how they viewed certain comets, which had appeared at that time, as signals of end time events.

The second is “Arnobius the Younger against the Predestined One” published recently in Augustinian Studies. Arnobius had many negative things to say in his Psalms commentary and Praedestinatus about a certain person whom he called pejoratively “predestined one.” This article makes a case that his predestinarian opponent was the defender of Saint Augustine, Prosper of Aquitaine, who resided in Rome at the same time as Arnobius.

NEW CONFERENCE PAPERS: Four new conference papers were posted recently on this website. These include papers on the theology of grace of Prosper of Aquitaine, the interpretation of the 144,000 in Revelation 7 & 14, an 8th century predestination controversy in Spain, and an early Christological heresy called Nestorianism.

FORTHCOMING is my review IN Augustinian Studies of the first English translation of Fulgentius of Ruspe’s “On the Truth of Predestination” in the Fathers of the Church series.

CURRENT PROJECTS: On the Latin to English translation of Tyconius’ Exposition of the Apocalypse, I have finished the translation, and am going over it one more time. David Robinson is working on the introduction and footnotes. I have also finished translations of the Apocalypse commentary in the Reference Bible, another by pseudo-Jerome, and one by Theodulph of Orleans, all from around 650-810 AD. I am going over them one more time, and then I need to write the introduction, before sending it to publication.